facts about the salem witch trials

thank you for the bibliography it helps a lot! A large proportion of the case against Bishop also focused on her lifestyle, especially her rumoured promiscuity and un-Puritan ways. Related: The 10 Best Witch Things To Do In Salem. One of the most popular theories as to what could have caused the mass hysteria of Salem is that of ergot poisoning, but recent scholars have questioned this idea. A prolific pamphleteer railing against the spread of witchcraft (or molestations from the invisible world), Mather was nonetheless keen for due diligence to occur inside the courtroom. If the accused was indicted, they were not allowed a lawyer and they had to decide to plead guilty or not guilty with no legal counsel to guide them. In an insular society like Salem, where anyone straying from the norm was immediately criticised or condemned, accusations of witchcraft were a method of self-defence, of keeping the more undesirable elements of the local community at arms length, if not removing them completely. Thanks so much for this! The Salem witch trials marked a seven-month period of mass hysteria in 1692 Colonial America. Chapter 145 of the resolves of 1957, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Thank you so much, this was also, by far, the best site ive come across for salem trials. And insularity bred paranoia, as Schiff sharply explains. If you are looking for more info on the victims themselves, you can check out the article I wrote specifically about them titled The Salem Witch Trials Victims: Who Were They? This series of prosecutions and hangings of those accused of practicing witchcraft provoked a major backlash, and the event still haunts us today. Also I was curious to know what the specific compromise was. Shortly after, two of the girls named the women they believed were bewitching them. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. Smithsonian Magazine, Smithsonian Institute, 23 Oct. 2007, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/. Salem witch trials, (June 1692-May 1693), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). Although I just found it, it has helped me with what I needed on my Salem Witch Trials report for History. She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal. As sleet and snow heaped higher outside their door, Betty Parris and. The trials were held in the Salem courthouse, which was located in the center of Washington Street about 100 feet south of Lynde Street, opposite of where the Masonic Temple now stands. He knew the clergy did not fully approve of the witch hunts. Think it was her kids. 5 Facts About the Salem Trials. Since some families of the victims did not want their family member listed, not every victim was named. The Salem witch trials began because a group of girls claimed they were possessed by the devil. Heavy stones were loaded onto the board and the weight was gradually increased until the prison either entered a plea or died. There wasnt really any one document or agreement that ended the trials. The courthouse was torn down in 1760 but a plaque dedicated to the courthouse can still be seen today on the wall of the Masonic Temple on Washington Street. Often, that conversation shifts over towardsSalem, Massachusetts, and the famous trial in 1692that resulted in twenty executions. There are many theories that explain why the witch trials began in Medieval Europe. In January 1692 Salem Village was dealing with a lot. The other two accused and arrested at the same time were Sarah Osborne and Tituba, the Parriss black slave. Let me know if you are related to story too. Good and Osbourne insisted they were innocent. It was last updated Sept 4, 2016. Some say it's because temperatures dropped significantly, there was famine and people needed a scapegoat. We've rounded up some interesting facts about Salem so you can enjoy it from home this season. One of the most popular theories as to what could have caused the mass hysteria of Salem in 1692 is that of ergot poisoning. Salem was . The following are some facts about the Salem Witch Trials: The Salem Witch Trials were a series of witchcraft cases brought before local magistrates in a settlement called Salem which was a part of the Massachusetts Bay colony in the 17th century. It makes me sad sometimes writing about it. In February, Samuel Parris called for a doctor, who is believed to be Dr. William Griggs, to examine the girls. Awesome Article. (Eds.). Thats where spectral evidence comes in, and it played a significant role in the Salem trials. One major factor was that in 1684, King Charles II revoked the Massachusetts Bay Colonys royal charter, a legal document granting the colonists permission to colonize the area. See, the concept of fake news is nothing new. Lets look at some important historical evidence that people often forget about the Salem witch trials. "Essay IV Against modern Sadducism in the matter of Witches and Apparitions" in Essay on several important subjects in philosophy and religion, 2nd Ed, London; printed for John Baker and H. Mortlock, 1676, pp. These women were Sarah Good, Sarah Osburn and a slave named Tituba who worked for Reverend Samuel Parris. The hysteria gripping Salem a settlement resonating with the incessant sound of accusation and counteraccusation showed that no-one was exempt from suspicion. Bernard Rosenthal, "Medievalism and the Salem Witch Trials," in: Protests against early modern witch trials, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials, Medical and psychological explanations of bewitchment, List of wrongful convictions in the United States, "Six Victims of 1692 Salem Witch Trials "Cleared" by Massachusetts", "Massachusetts Clears 5 From Salem Witch Trials", "Salem may pardon accused witches of 1692", "On 325th anniversary, city dedicates Proctor's Ledge memorial to Salem Witch Trials victims", "Memorable Providence, Relating to Witchcraft and Possessions", "Examination of Dorothy Good, As Told by Deodat Lawson", "Religiosity and the political economy of the Salem witch trials", Virginia.edu Salem witch trials (archives), "Massachusetts Archives: Superior Court of Judicature Witchcraft Trials (JanuaryMay 1693), Cases Heard". Although spectral evidence, evidence based on dreams and visions, wasnt the only evidence used in court during the Salem Witch Trails, it was the most common evidence and the easiest evidence for accusers to fake. "Examination and Evidence of Some Accused Witches in Salem, 1692. They were soft, obvious targets for a mistrustful, God-fearing populace living along strictly defined lines. While the Salem of today is a thriving metropolitan area, in 1692 it was a remote settlement on the edge of the frontier. There were many critics of the witch hunt, such as a local farmer John Proctor, who scoffed at the idea of witchcraft in Salem and called the young girls scam artists. Another interesting fact about the witch trials is not everyone in Salem actually believed in witchcraft or supported the trials. Wigington, Patti. This court consisted of eight judges. The preacher sad they could not kill the devil by shooting the dog but did anyway. This belief in the power of the accused to use their invisible shapes or spectres to torture their victims had sealed the fates of those tried by the Court of Oyer and Terminer. No more restricting property ownership and voting rights to only church members. In August of 1992, on the 300th anniversary of the trials, the Salem Witch Trials Memorial was unveiled and dedicated by Nobel Laureate Eli Wiesel. This is basically what got me an A on my history fair assignment, I appreciate all the time and effort put into writing this! The Salem Witch Trials Victims: Who Were They? William Ives and George W. Pease, 1857Session Laws. The 190th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, www.malegislature.gov/Laws/SessionLaws/Acts/2001/Chapter122The 1692 Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Museum, www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education/salem-witch-trialsBlumberg, Jess. Among those detained in March 1692 were Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse, upstanding members of the local churches in Salem Village and Salem Town respectively. Wow. The accused was thrown into a river and if they made it out alive, it was because they were a witch. Q&A: Were ducking stools ever used as punishment for crimes other than witchcraft during the Middle Ages. 9, 17181718, Chap. The pair had been bewitched. Also i seems like a smarter thing to do at the moment if you had a rival with one of the families in town. Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, vol. In mid-September, a further group went to the gallows Eight Firebrands of Hell in the words of Rev Noyes. The doctors diagnosis? Wiggin and Lunt, 1867.Crewe, Sabrina and Michael V. Uschan. Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2005Upham, Charles Wentworth. It all began in 1692 and 1693 when Salem in the United States . How inhumane! I have all the other bibliographies from some other websites but I still need one from this one and I cant find it could you help me?? Oh well, live n learn, Its sad when you can pick out names of your relatives in every list. Got the movie and became more interested in what really happened. Learn all about the origin, history, and significance of the Salem witch trials. Does that mean they couldnt have been practicing witchcraft? Seemed like there was alot of hate towards one another just for being different. According to the official Salem website, the trials were shorter than most people believe, but they were still deadly. Yet another crucial moment during the Salem Witch Trials was the public torture and death of Giles Corey. Due to overcrowding in the jails, the accused witches were kept in multiple jails in Salem town, Ipswich and Boston. The Salem Witch Trials offered a salutary lesson not only to the colony of Massachusetts Bay but also to the new nation that would be forged in the following century. In early July, Sarah Good and her four co-accused were tried and found guilty of bewitchment, making that journey to the gallows on that wooden cart a few days later. How Rye Bread May Have Caused the Salem Witch Trials, Order in the Court: 10 Trials of the Century, https://www.britannica.com/facts/Salem-witch-trials. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. By the end of May, more than 60 people were in custody; the vast majority were women, but a handful of men were also detained. Im trying to get my family to visit there- Id even give up my beach trip for it! As if the lonely and misunderstood didn't have a hard enough life on its own, they seemed the most suspicious to the crowds. The Salem witch trials, which resulted in several deaths in 1692 in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts, have never been adequately explained. He is recorded to have recited a prayer uttered with such composedness from many, so that it seemed to some that the spectators would hinder the execution. The eight-point response, penned by Cotton Mather, advised prudence when it came to procedure, cautioning that hastiness shouldnt overwhelm lawfulness. I also have an ancestor, Mary Parsons, who was accused of witchcraft but she was allowed to live. The Salem Witch Trials began in spring 1692 and lasted for seven months, during which more than 150 people where arrested, 19 were hanged and one was tortured to death. Finally, many of the symptoms described by witnesses stopped and began again based on external circumstances, and that simply doesnt happen with physiological illness. Shortly after Sir William Phips appointment as Governor, he was forced to establish a court to deal with those who had been locked up in jail and were awaiting trial. However, the subtlety of the ministers response was largely sidelined by the grand jury, who drew their energy from one particular concluding line from Mather: we cannot but humbly recommend unto the government, the speedy and vigorous prosecution of such as have rendered themselves obnoxious. In possession of such a mandate, the trials moved up a gear. These spirits could inhabit any human or any creature. Many people lived in a constant state of fear, tension, and paranoia. "Reproducing Witchcraft: Thou Shalt Not Suffer a Witch to Live". We judge that, in the prosecution of these and all such witchcrafts, there is need of a very critical and exquisite caution, lest by too much credulity for things received only upon the Devil's authority, there be a door opened for a long train of miserable consequences, and Satan get an advantage over us; for we should not be ignorant of his devices. Ultimately, eight women and two men were tried and found guilty of attending the gathering. Get FREE access to HistoryExtra.com. Im doing the Salem witch trials for my A-Level coursework, does anyone know the full names of any historians that have spoken about this topic? Do not lay more stress on pure spectral evidence than it will bear, he cautioned. Explore 17th-century Salem in the museum's 13 stage sets that bring the witch trials to life. I have countless ancestors out of Massachusetts Bay Colony and one of my grandmothers was Martha Carrier. Farms were mortgaged or sold, first to pay prison fees, then to pay taxes; frequently they were abandoned. The Salem Witch Trials were not a positive section of American history but have been used as a learning tool for the United States. Device reportedly admitted an act of bewitchment, as well as accusing another woman of undertaking similar practices. They accused other townspeople of torturing them, and a few of the so-called witches on trial even named others as witches. Her initial verdict was, in fact, not guilty, but upon hearing the verdict the afflicted girls began to have fits in the courtroom. Rebecca Beatrice Brooks is the author and publisher of the History of Massachusetts Blog. TDR / The Drama Review, 2018, Vol. Sarah Wildes was my 8th great grandmother. Around the end of September, the use of spectral evidence was finally declared inadmissible, thus marking the beginning of the end of the Salem Witch Trials. in journalism. In mid-September, Corey was tortured this way for three days in a field near Howard Street until he finally died on September 19. It helped me very much on my history day project!! Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Just as true today as it was a few centuries ago, fearmongering really accelerated the accusations. At the time, Salem Village was a small New England town populated mostly by Puritans, or religious individuals with a belief in the devil. The less-than-thorough procedures of the Salem courtroom also prompted tighter, more rational legal processes that would later be enshrined in the US Constitution. Ever since those dark days ended, the trials have become synonymous with mass hysteria and scapegoating. 15 Dark Truths You Didn't Know About The Salem Witch Trials. They did so in order to gather the observations of the colonys most senior ministers, to hear their reflections upon the state of things as they then stood. What gave witches away were body marks, such as scars and moles. As for why these victims were targeted in the first place, historians have noted that many of the accused were wealthy and held different religious beliefs than their accusers. I was wondering if there was a written document or agreement signed that ended the trials. Keeping to yourself and minding your own business seemed suspicious. Then after said the dog died so it must have been innocent. thanks, primary sources of the Salem Witch Trials, View all posts by Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, http://www.zazzle.com/salem_village_map_poster-228789587972988887?rf=238784808055391622, https://historyofmassachusetts.org/best-books-about-salem-witch-trials/. ", What does that mean, in laymans terms? Perhaps this question has something to do with the closure of the court of Oyer and Terminer, which was the special court established to hear the trials. Maybe it's the influence of pop culture or maybe it's because it's theatrical, but a lot of people assume that witches were burned at the stake. Massachusetts was an outpost of Gods chosen people in a hostile wilderness in the 17th century. After Bishops execution and the courts endorsement of the indictments against Rebecca Nurse and John Willard, a local constable who, doubting the allegations, refused to bring the accused to court the grand jury adjourned for almost three weeks. Three Salem Women: The Stories of Alice Parker, Ann Pudeator and Bridget Bishop, Salem Witch Trials Weekly, produced by the Salem Witch Museum, Bewitchment in Salem, produced by the Salem Witch Museum in conjunction with SATV, The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siegeby Marilynne K. Roach (Jul 22, 2004), Cry Innocent: The People vs. Bridget Bishop, The Salem Witch Trials: Reckoning and Reclaiming at the Peabody Essex Museum. Glanvill, Joseph. As a devout and strongly religious community living in near isolation in the mysterious New World, the community of Salem had a heightened sense of fear of the Devil and, as a result, it didnt take much to convince the villagers that there was evil among them. The bill cleared the names of: George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacobs, John Willard, Giles Corey, Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, Mary Easty, Sarah Wildes, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardwell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner, Anne Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury and Dorcas Hoar. The story is about Susannah English, daughter of accused witches Phillip and Mary English and friend of Ann Putnam, Jr. As the trials and executions continued, colonists began to doubt that so many people could actually be guilty of this crime. In addition to this constant sense of fear, Salem residents were also under a great deal of stress during this period due to a number of factors. Alden was accused of witchcraft by a child during a trip to Salem while he was on his way home to Boston from Canada. In short, Spanos and Gottlieb believe that the ergotism theory is off-base for several reasons. By May 1693 . i would like to know more about the salem witch trials. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Between 1692 and 1693, more than two hundred people were accused. Thanks! It tells of a period of time where religious extremest of a good and pure faith massacred several of their own kind in demented and mad ways. All witches are women, but not every woman is a witch. All rights reserved, National Geographic book Witches! Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The indictments then came thick and fast. Rebecca is a freelance journalist and history lover who got her start in journalism working for small-town newspapers in Massachusetts and New Hampshire after she graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.A. Europe's favorite test was the swimming test. Tried and found guilty within the course of a single day, Bishop was hanged a week later on 10 June, the first execution of the trials. They basically played the trump card of the times. Before we get into the interesting facts about Salem and the Witch Trials, let's do a brief history of the Salem Witch Trials. Instead, in 1692, hanging was the preferred form of punishment. [State v. Dustin, 122 N.H. 544, 551 (N.H. The heat was stifling on a July day in 1692, as five dishevelled and bound women are paraded on a wooden cart through the streets of Salem village in the colony of Massachusetts Bay. She was released from jail shortly after the hangings began, and was never tried or convicted. As the innocent women approached the gallows, in the last moments of their lives, they continued to protest their innocence. Why do you think there are so little primary sources on the Salem Witch Trials? A Brief History of The Salem Witch Trials.Brief History Of The Salem Witch Trials The Salem witch trials took place between 1692 & 1693, in colonial Massachusetts. Secondary sources would be Charles Uphams book Salem Witchcraft which was published in 1867, Emerson Bakers book A Storm of Witchcraft which was published in 2014 and etc. Most of the eyewitness accounts can be found in the court records and the books written by the ministers involved in the trials. I dont know what compromise youre referring to. The Salem witch trials of the late 17th century were a formative episode in America's early history, and have remained at the forefront of the national consciousness ever since. Salem witch trials. The trials are believed to have been the reason why the US constitution recognizes witchcraft as a legal religion. Text adapted from the National Geographic book Witches! As the years went by, the colonists felt ashamed and remorseful for what had happened during the Salem Witch Trials. Boston, MA. Find out what started the witch hunt of 1692. Heres what I got if someone needed to use this for their biblyography. Puritans walk through the snow-covered woods to get to church. They feared many innocent people were being executed. Other evidence used in the trials included confessions of the accused, possession of certain items such as poppets, ointments or books on the occult, as well as the presence of an alleged witchs teat, which was a strange mole or blemish, on the accused persons body. The following are some facts about the Salem Witch Trials: Massachusetts Only Apologized in 1957 Salem Witch Trials have haunted Salem, now known as Danvers and the entire state of Massachusetts for centuries. 6 The Role Of Religion In Witch Trials Or maybe it was the 1711 bill that cleared the names of the accused witches. Its entirely possible that much of the blame placed upon Tituba during the trials was based on her racial and social class. Of those arrested, the majority were women (85%) and only a handful were men (15%). Salem Village was populated mostly by poor farmers, and Salem Town was a prosperous port full of middle-class and wealthy merchants. my question for the project was what was the history of the salem witch trials. At the same time, the accused would be denied legal representation. This was no more notable than when playwright Arthur Miller chose to dramatise the trials in his 1953 play The Crucible. By the way, thank you so much for this wonderful website; its really thorough and cool. It will be very easy. Native Americans and other religions represented threats by the Devil. This was so helpful for my project! Another notable person who was accused of witchcraft was Captain John Alden Jr., the son of the Mayflower crew member John Alden. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobinson2001 (. Salem Village was populated mostly by poor farmers, and Salem Town was a prosperous port full of middle-class and wealthy merchants. Some say it's because temperatures dropped significantly, there was famine and people needed a scapegoat. The governor released the last few prisoners the following May. Thanks! These five women Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, Susannah Martin, Rebecca Nurse and Sarah Wildes were the among the first to be tried and found guilty of witchcraft during a bleak nine-month period of New England history simply recalled as the Salem Witch Trials. You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. Web. Proctors entire family was accused, including all of his children, his pregnant wife Elizabeth, and sister-in-law. i need it for my bibliography, do you have any websites that could help me to find the secondary source? There were complex political, religious, and racial issues under the crisis. I find the Salem Witch trails to be the most interesting event in the colonization of whats now US. Even poor animals were not safe and they could actually get accused and executed as well. This was a special type of court in English law established specifically to hear cases that are extraordinary and serious in nature. Here are some of our favorite Salem attractions: Salem Witch Museum Your first stop should be the Salem Witch Museum. What source other than A Story of Witchcraft would you recommend to look up more information about the trials? Thirty people were found guilty, 19 of whom were executed by hanging (14 women and five men). A large brick building now stands on this spot with a memorial plaque dedicated to the old jail. Bridget Bishop was the first person brought to trial. Presided over by Chief Justice William Stoughton, the court was made up of magistrates and jurors. History of the Salem Witch Trials. History of Massachusetts Blog, 18 Aug. 2011, historyofmassachusetts.org/the-salem-witch-trials. According to USLegal.com, Spectral evidence refers to a witness testimony that the accused person's spirit or spectral shape appeared to him/her witness in a dream at the time the accused person's physical body was at another location. Salem Witchcraft and Cotton Mather. Upon hearing about the Parris girls behavior, much of the Puritan community agreed that the duo had been victims of witchcraft. I really enjoy reading your blog! All rights reserved. Three days earlier, the death of another of the accused had occurred. I hope ill get the chance to read it some day! In 2017, on the 325th anniversary of the Salem Witch Trials, the newly built Proctors Ledge Memorial was unveiled at the base of the ledge on Pope Street. When the first inquiry is made into the circumstances of such as may lie under the just suspicion of witchcrafts, we could wish that there may be admitted as little as is possible of such noise, company and openness as may too hastily expose them that are examined, and that there may no thing be used as a test for the trial of the suspected, the lawfulness whereof may be doubted among the people of God; but that the directions given by such judicious writers as Perkins and Bernard [be consulted in such a case]. European Witch trials started at a similar time as Protestantism. The first to be tried wasBridget Bishopof Salem who was found guilty and was hanged on June 10. All would await trial for a crime punishable by death in17th-century New England the practice of witchcraft. This site helped a lot for me to understand the history of Salem. A secondary source would be a book, journal or article written long after the event by someone who didnt experience it first hand. And particularly, as I was a chief instrument of accusing of Goodwife Nurse and her two sisters, I desire to lie in the dust, and to be humbled for it, in that I was a cause, with others, of so sad a calamity to them and their families; for which cause I desire to lie in the dust, and earnestly beg forgiveness of God, and from all those unto whom I have given just cause of sorrow and offence, whose relations were taken away or accused.. During her trial, Bishop repeatedly defended herself, stating I am innocent, I know nothing of it, I have done no witchcraft . Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. North Wind Picture Archives, Alamy Stock Photo. While Salem has, in the English-speaking world at least, become the byword for witch-hunts, a very similar episode occurred in Lancashire in 1612, some 80 years before the panic in New England the case of the Pendle Hill witches. The devil had won. The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem. A child pointed to a dog and said it bewitched me and shot the dog immediately. For everyone who remains intrigued by Salem, here are a few lesser-known facts about the witchcraft trials. "5 Facts About the Salem Trials." Some (incredibly mean) people devoted their time to making a science out of witchcraft. Salem was ruled by English law at the time, which only allowed death by burning to be used against men who committed high treason and only after they had been hanged, quartered and drawn. More significant were admissions of attending a witches meeting on Pendle Hill. In 1711, the colony passed a bill restoring some of the names of the convicted witches and paid a total of 600 in restitution to their heirs. Susannah Martin was my 10th great grandmother and John Proctor was my 11th great uncle. Thank for the site it is so helpful for my project! Those who were found guilty were pardoned by Governor Phips. When a young Lancastrian woman called Alison Device asked for a pin from a travelling peddler but was denied, the peddler apparently became immediately paralysed down his left side. The charter was revoked because the colonists had violated several of the charters rules, which included basing laws on religious beliefs and discriminating against Anglicans. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. 9 Men Also Died During The Trials I guarantee Im not related to any putnum. "5 Facts About the Salem Trials." Also, when was his last updated? The Story of the Salem Witch Trials is a history of that event. This series of prosecutions and hangings of those accused of practicing witchcraft provoked a major backlash, and the event still haunts us today. It means that even though supernatural evidence might seem sketchy to us in this day and age, for people like Cotton Mather and the rest of Salem, it was perfectly acceptable in cases of necessity. As a travel enthusiast, she makes sure she visits at least two new destinations each year and loves to share her knowledge with the readers of TheTravel. Seven more died in jail. Both, like Good, were viewed as outcasts by the local community; Tituba for her race and Osborne for the shedding of any religious beliefs she might once have held. Is this a homework question? They took place in a number of cities in Massachusetts Bay Colony in the years 1692 and 1693, but primarily in the town of Salem. One of them, George Burroughs, protested his innocence as the noose was readied. The theory first came to prominence in the 1970s, when Linnda R. Caporael wrote Ergotism: The Satan Loosed in Salem?

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